Combustion

► O₂ analysis : In situ probes in Zro2
► Opacity measure / dust weight

Each industrial has a fluid power station for the steam production, overheated water, electricity (via cogeneration or turbine…). The key point is the gain, that is to say the saving, therefore the optimization (air/combustible ratio).

Explanation :
Combustion efficiency values are calculated based on the theoretical peak CO2 values at stoichiometric conditions (excess oxygen levels are zero). It is important for the user to remember that realistically, not many burners are capable of firing at low O2 levels required to burn all the carbon in the fuel to Carbon Dioxide and convert all the Hydrogen into the water. The chemical reaction given below expresses Stiochiometric combustion for two examples, Natural Gas and Propane :

CH₄ + 2O₂ + 2 (3.76)N₂ = CO₂ + 2H₂O + 7.52 N₂
CH₃H₈ + 5O₂ + 5(3.76)N₂ = 3CO₂ + 4H₂O + 18.8 N₂

In each case, no Oxygen remains after combustion takes place.